Middle transactions are used to close accounts at the end of the financial period, i.e. reset the start balances. Both income statement accounts and balance sheet accounts can be closed. A closing transaction is created with the start date of the next period. The middle transaction changes the start balance of accounts for the day (period). Closing balance accounts refers to the closing of a common type of account - e.g. different VAT accounts - in which either a VAT prepayment or a debt remains as the end balance of the period.

With middle transactions, you can:

• close the balances of income statement accounts for the ended financial year and transfer the profit/loss to the retained earnings account
• close the balance sheets for the ended financial year, e.g., VAT account balances (see also example 6.2)
• adjust the start balances of accounts by customer, supplier or object
  

• middle transactions are not shown in the nominal ledger report
• a middle transaction is a financial transaction that does not go into the turnover calculation, but changes the balance

Please note that if the middle transaction is made for June, for example, and the entire year's turnover is viewed - then it is not taken into account. However, if you look from July to the end of the year, it is taken into account when determining the start balance.

Closing income statement accounts

If all operations of the financial year have been completed, then in order for the profit of the reporting year to be 0 in the start balance of the next financial year on 01.01.xx, the income and expense accounts in the middle transaction must be closed and the profit of the reporting year of the previous financial year must be transferred to the profit/loss account of previous periods.

Closing balance sheet accounts (all or selectively)

In addition to income statement accounts, balance sheet accounts can also be closed, such as tax calculation accounts (see also example 6.2).

Reorganizing data on balance sheet accounts

In order to organize the data, the data can be moved across different metrics in the accounts

• objects
• suppliers
• customers

• New - opens a new, empty document. Pre-checks whether the previous document contains unsaved changes.
• Save – saves the document
• Confirm – confirms the document
• Copy - makes a copy of the document. This means that it opens a new document with most of the fields filled in as in the base document. The date is set to the date of copying. The number range is associated with the person making the copy.
• Discard - cancels the execution of the document without saving.
• Delete - allows you to delete an unconfirmed document.
• Mail - sends the printout by e-mail. If different printout formats have been configured, you have to click the Mail button with the right mouse button, which opens a drop-down menu from which you can choose different email designs. If you choose the printout form, you are first asked for your e-mail address, and only then can you choose the printout form.
• Print - prints the document. After clicking Print, a preview of the document is shown briefly and the printer selection window opens.
• Attachments - allows you to link files to the document, i.e. attach a related document.

• - copies the selected rows to the clipboard (in the new design). To select rows, click on the row number. The button is inactive if no row is selected. Copied rows can be pasted under the line context menu (opens when right-clicking on the row number) with the “Paste row above” or “Paste row below” option.

New design

• - deletes the selected rows. To select rows, click the row number. The button is inactive if no row is selected.
• - allows you to fill/insert rows based on a table (mostly excel). In the Help under the button of the bulk insert, it is written in which order the columns must be. See also chapter 4.
• - to affect table density.
• - to export a table or selected rows.
• - it is possible to choose which columns are shown on the rows and which are not.

• Number - transaction number according to the selected financial range
• Date - time
• Object - selectable object
• Comment - a field for additional comments
• Company - specifying company selection (only on the basis of the group)
• Debit - debit turnover
• Credit - credit turnover
• Balance - the difference between debit and credit transactions

• No. - row number
• Account - financial account
• Description - the account name (can be overwritten) and/or the comment box
• Debit - debit turnover
• Credit - credit turnover
• Object - selectable objects
• Project - selectable project
• Customer - customer code
• Supplier - supplier code
• Currency - the currency of the row
• Cur. Debit - debit currency
• Cur. Credit - credit currency
• Rate - the currency rate of the row. Placed automatically when placing the currency (if the currency and rate are available in the base). Allows you to set a “special rate” and calculates the ledger at a given rate. E.g. 1 EUR = 2 USD.

Finance > Documents > Middle Transactions

Add a new middle transaction with the button, select a suitable range, set the time, i.e. 01.01. of the following year (date 1.1.2024 for closing the year 2023). NB! In the meantime, save the document. Then place the accounts on the transaction. To do this, first select income accounts from the selection.

New design

Old design

The new and old design middle transaction document behave differently for placing account numbers, balances and descriptions on the transaction:

• New design - click the button “Fill document”
  

• Old design - first click on the “balances”, after which a window will appear where you can click “Fill up document”.

New design (the table does not appear, but the data is filled in immediately)

Old design (table appears)

The same procedure should also be done with expense accounts. To balance income and expense accounts, use the retained earnings account, which must be placed on the first free row of the document after entering the expense and income accounts. In the old design, double-clicking on the credit balances the transaction.

Other filters can also be used if necessary. With the Total option (old design), you can choose which account class is placed on the document using the row identifier of the transaction. You can place one specific account in the Account field, the balance of which you want to place in the document – for this, select the correct account in the Account field, and in the Paste account class field, choose either the account class of this account or all. Then Fill document.

When balancing the middle transaction when closing the period of the previous year, manually add the account “Retained Earnings (Loss)“ ( not “Annual Period Profit (Loss)”) and double-click to balance the entire transaction. In this way, the total amount of profit moves to the previous period's profit row in the balance sheet.

The “Bulk Insert” allows you to place rows on the document that have been previously prepared, for example, in Excel or some other format, which allows you to create a tab-limited result that can be copied to the memory buffer. Prepared row fields must be prepared in the order shown at the bottom of the bulk insert window. The prepared rows must be placed in the white textbox of the bulk insert using the copy-paste method.

Overwrite existing data - options can be used to influence how the data is placed on the document, if it is placed on the filled rows of the document.

• Fill up document - the rows added to the bulk insert textbox are placed on the document exactly as they are in the insert textbox. If placed on top of the existing rows of the document, all fields will be overwritten (if a field is left blank, the filled field will also be overwritten with the blank).

• Fill empty - only those fields that are empty on the rows of the document are filled when bulk inserting. The fields that are filled in the rows of the document are not changed.

• Replace filled - places the fields to be imported only on those document fields that are filled (no information is imported to empty document fields). If you import an empty field into a pre-filled field, it will be replaced by an empty field.

• Insert filled - places all the fields that are filled in the bulk insert table on the rows of the document (nothing is placed over the blank space).

From row no. - by default, the number of the first empty row of the document is filled here. If there is a desire to change or supplement the existing rows by bulk insert, the number of the document row from which you want to update the rows with the bulk insert must be written here.

• The middle transaction can also be saved as not in balance, but you have to make sure that all the middle transactions in one period are in balance, otherwise the balance will be out of place. See also example 6.2 (closing VAT accounts)
• Middle transactions can be made by several different account groups to make it easier to check.
• It must be ensured that all middle transactions for one period are in balance, otherwise the balance will be out of place.
• The middle transaction is valid immediately and does not need to be confirmed.
• If the middle transaction has been made, it is recommended to mark Settings > System settings > Finance closed till the date from which transactions in an earlier period cannot be added/changed.
• A middle transaction can be created without mandatory object-level completion, i.e. it is possible to create a middle transaction without objects even if the mandatory object levels are marked on the account.

New design

At the end of the year, all VAT account balances are reset with a middle transaction, except for the amount that remains to be paid to the tax board for December 20.01, for which the financial transaction is made on 20.01. The amount must be left in the „VAT Paid to the Tax Office“ account. However, if at the turn of the year VAT remains to be paid in advance, then make the „Prepayments to the Tax Office – prepaid VAT“ account and transfer the prepayment to that account. See also the guide in the accountant manual with the subtitle “Posting of VAT accounts”, how to post VAT accounts monthly https://wiki.directo.ee/en/raamatupidaja_nipinurk#posting_of_vat_accounts

After making middle transactions, be sure to check whether the balance sheet matches. If the row “Kontroll - Aktiva - Passiva (peab olema null)”, appears at the end of the balance sheet, then the balance sheet does not match and you need to check the middle transactions!

An example of making a middle transaction, where as of 31.12.XX there is a sum of VAT prepayment of 29 309.87.

Balance on 31.12.XX before making the middle transaction and preparation of the middle transaction:

The closing balances of the nominal ledger as of 31.12.XX

In the nominal ledger, beginning balances of the next period are reset as of 1.1.XX